Poetry

 

 

      Poetry is a literary work that expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet in an imaginative way that is expressed in written form. Poetry is a written art.

         They are 3 genres of English Poetry

-   Narrative poetry : tells a story.

Example : The Iliad by Homer

Sing, Goddess, Achilles' rage,

Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks

Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls

Of heroes into Hades' dark,

And left their bodies to rot as feasts

For dogs and birds, as Zeus' will was done.

Begin with the clash between Agamemnon-

The Greek warlord - and godlike Achilles.

 

 

-   Lyric Poetry : song-like and emotional.

The example is How do I love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.

How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.

I love thee to the depth and breadth and height

My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight

For the ends of Being and ideal Grace

I love thee to the level of everyday's

Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light.

I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;

I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.

I love thee with the passion put to use

In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith

I love thee with a love I seem to love

With my lost saints, - I love thee with the breath,

Smiles, tears, of all my life! - and, if God choose,

I shall but love thee better after death.

-   Dramatic poetry : it needs more understanding to get the point of the message in specific situation. You need to analyze it deeply.

Example My Last Duchess by Robert Browning

That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall,

Looking as if she were alive. I call

That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands

Worked busily a day, and there she stands.

Will’t please you sit and look at her? I said

“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read

Strangers like you that pictured countenance,

The depth and passion of its earnest glance,

But to myself they turned (since none puts by

The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)

And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,

How such a glance came there; so, not the first

Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ’twas not

Her husband’s presence only, called that spot

Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps

Fra Pandolf chanced to say, “Her mantle laps

Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint

Must never hope to reproduce the faint

Half-flush that dies along her throat.” Such stuff

Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough

For calling up that spot of joy. She had

A heart—how shall I say?— too soon made glad,

Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er

She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.

Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast,

The dropping of the daylight in the West,

The bough of cherries some officious fool

Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule

She rode with round the terrace—all and each

Would draw from her alike the approving speech,

Or blush, at least. She thanked men—good! but thanked

Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked

My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name

With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame

This sort of trifling? Even had you skill

In speech—which I have not—to make your will

Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this

Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,

Or there exceed the mark”—and if she let

Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set

Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse—

E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose

Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt,

Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without

Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;

Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands

As if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet

The company below, then. I repeat,

The Count your master’s known munificence

Is ample warrant that no just pretense

Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;

Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed

At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go

Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,

Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,

Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!

   They are 3 genres of  Indonesian Poetry

-  Narrative Poetry

Narrative poetry tells the poet's story or explanation. This poetry is divided into several types, namely ballads and romance. Ballads are poems that contain stories about powerful people or idol figures. For example the Ballad of People Loves and Blues for Bonnie by WS Rendra. Romance is a type of story poetry that uses romantic language which contains stories of love, interspersed with fights and adventures.

 Example : perempuan sial by WS Rendra

Ia terbaring di taman tua

pestol di tangan dan lubang di jidatnya

Mereka menemuinya tanpa dukacita

dan angin bau karat tembaga.

Mulutnya menggigit berahi layu

bunga biru dan berbau.

Matanya tidak juga pejam

lain mimpi, lain digenggam.

Ah, tubuhnya! Ah, rambutnya!

Tempat tidur tersia suami tua.

Bunga bagai dia diasuh angin

oleh nasib jatuh ke riba lelaki tua dingin.

Nizar yang menopangnva dari kelayuan

perempuan bagai bunga, lelaki bagai dahan.

Lelaki muda itu bertolak tinggalkan dia

tersisa jantung dan hati dari timah.

la terbaring di taman tua

pestol di tangan dan lubang di jidatnva.

Suaminya yang tua berkata:

- Farida, engkau ini perempuan sial!

-  Poetry Lyrics

This type of poetry is divided into several types, namely elegies, ode, and serenade.

· Elegi is a poem that expresses feelings of sorrow. For example, Elegi Jakarta by Asrul Sani which expresses the sorrow of a poet in Jakarta.

· Serenada is a song of love that can be sung. The word "serenada" means a song properly sung at dusk.

·                 Ode is a poem that contains worship of someone, something, or something. Ode is mostly written as a worship of admired figures, for example Teratai (by Sanusi Pane), Diponegoro (by Chairil Anwar), and Ode for Proklamator (by Leon Agusta).

Examples of poetry Elegi Jakarta, by Asrul Sani:

Elegi Jakarta

Pada tapal terakhir sampai ke Yogya,
bimbang telah datang pada nyala
langit telah tergantung suram
Kata-kata berantukan pada arti sendiri
Bimbang telah datang pada nyala
dan cinta tanah air akan berupa
peuru dalam darah
serta nilai yang bertebaran sepanjang masa
bertanya akan kesudahan ujian
mati - atau tiada mati-matinya

O jenderal, bapa, bapa
tiadakah engkau hendak berkata untuk kesekian kali
ataukah suatu kehilangan keyakinan
hanya akan tetap tinggal pada titik-sempurna
dan nanti tulisan yang telah diperbuat sementara
akan hilang ditiup angin
ia berdiam di pasir kering

-  Descriptive Poetry

In this type of poetry, the poet acts as an impressionist on the situation / event, object, or atmosphere that is seen to attract his attention. Poetry which is included in the descriptive poetry type, for example satire and poetry that is social criticism.

·         Satire is poetry that expresses the poet's feelings of dissatisfaction with a situation, but in a satire way or states the opposite.

·         Social critical poetry is poetry which also expresses the poet's dissatisfaction with a situation or to a person, but by exposing the lameness or irregularity of the situation or person. The impression of the poet can also be experienced in impressionistic poetry which expresses the impression (impression) of the poet on something.

Example of Satire poetry:

DI NEGERI AMPLOP

Oleh : (Gus Mus)

Aladin menyembunyikan lampu wasiatnya “malu”

Samson tersipu – sipu, rambut keramatnya ditutupi topi “rapi – rapi”

David coverfil dan rudini bersembunyi “rendah diri”

Entah, andai Nabi Musa bersedia datang membawa tongkatnya

Amplop – amplop di negeri amplop mengatur dengan teratur

Hal – hal yang tak teratur menjadi teratur

Hal – hal yang teratur menjadi tak teratur

Memutuskan putusan yang tak putus

Membatalkan putusan yang sudah putus

Amplop – amplop menguasai penguasa

Dan mengendalikan orang – orang biasa

Amplop – amplop membeberkan dan menyembunyikan

Mencairkan dan membekukan

Mengganjal dan melicinkan

Orang bicara bisa bisu

Orang mendengar bisa tuli

Orang alim bisa nafsu

Orang sakti bisa mati

Di negri amplop, amplop – amplop mengamplopi apa saja dan siapa saja.

Reference

https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-poems.html

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/learn/glossary-terms/dramatic-monologue

https://blog.ruangguru.com/jenis-puisi-dan-contohnya